Abstract
The role that the meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) has played with respect to cervid population changes in North America is unresolved scientifically. Various hypotheses have been presented that explain the correlative relationships between white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces) populations in eastern North America over the past 100 years. One hypothesis is that refugia allow these 2 species to coexist on range enzootic to the disease. Nudds (1990) challenged this hypothesis and another that P. tenuis has been responsible for declines seen in moose populations when white-tailed deer are increasing
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