Abstract
Aim of the study: Quantify potential economic benefits of implementing computer-generated skid-trail networks over the traditional operator-designed skid-trail networks on steep terrain ground-based forest operations.Area of study: A 132-ha harvest operation conducted at the University of Kentucky’s Robinson Forest in eastern Kentucky, USA.Materials and methods: We compared computer-generated skid-trail network with an operator-designed network for a 132-ha harvest. Using equipment mounted GPS data and a digital elevation model (DEM), we identified the original operator-designed skid-trail network. Pre-harvest conditions were replicated by re-contouring terrain slopes over skid-trails to simulate the natural topography and by spatially distributing the harvestable volume based on pre-harvest inventories and timber harvest records. An optimized skid-trail network was designed using these pre-harvest conditions and compared to the original, operator-designed network.Main results: The computer-generated network length was slightly longer than the operator-designed network (53.7 km vs. 51.7 km). This also resulted in a slightly longer average skidding distance (0.71 km vs. 0.66 km) and higher total harvesting costs (5.1 $ ton-1 vs. 4.8 $ ton-1). However, skidding costs of the computer-generated network were slightly lower (4.2 $ ton-1 vs. 4.3 $ ton-1). When comparing only major skid-trails, those with ≥ 20 machine passes, the computer-generated skid-trail network was 28% shorter than the operator network (9.4 km vs. 13.1 km). Research highlight: This assessment offers evidence that computer-generated networks could be used to generate efficient skid-trails, help determine skidding costs, and assess further potential economic and environmental benefits.Key words: timber harvesting; forest operations; network optimization; soil disturbances; cost minimization.
Highlights
There has been no formal comparison between field implementation of comput er-generated and operator-designed skid-trail networks to quantify potential economic benefits
A high-density (~25 pt m-2) LiDAR dataset acquired in the summer of 2013 was used to create a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area
While the DEM was created from data collected 5 years after the harvest, the remnant skid-trail net work was clearly visible
Summary
Best man agement practices including disking and seeding, subsoiling, re-contouring, and installing water bars are often recommended to ameliorate soil distur bances (Conrad et al, 2012) These prac tices carry additional costs ranging from 500 $ to 8,000 $ ha-1 that might cause significant economic impacts on timber harvesting operations (Soman et al, 2019; Sawyer et al, 2012). Contreras et al (2016) developed a computerized model to generate an optimized skid-trail network that minimizes skid ding and skid-trail construction costs based on terrain, volume distribution, and extraction locations. Despite these developed models, there has been no formal comparison between field implementation of comput er-generated and operator-designed skid-trail networks to quantify potential economic benefits. This work presents a novel attempt to quantify potential eco nomic benefits of computer-generated skid-trail networks, which can facilitate future more compre hensive ground comparisons and evaluation of model applicability
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