Abstract
In this letter, we propose the design of retro-reflective metasurfaces for enhancing backscattering under oblique incidence. Through reflective phase profile design along the surface, an equivalent wave-vector can be generated, with double magnitude but opposite direction to the parallel component k|| of the wave-vector k0 of incident waves. Due to this artificial parallel wave-vector, the main lobe of reflective waves can be reoriented backwards. As an example, we demonstrate an X-band retro-reflective metasurface that can operate effectively under oblique incidence θ=20°. A modified metallic square loop structure is used to achieve the required phase profile under oblique incidence. Through the phase gradient design, the metasurface can reflect incident waves backwards at 9.8GHz under transverse electric (TE) polarizations. A prototype was fabricated and measured. Both the simulation and experiment results verify the good retro-reflection performance of the metasurface.
Highlights
Retro-reflection, which means that waves are reflected where they come, will enhance backscattering of electromagnetic waves
The configuration of corner reflectors means that their volumes are quite bulky and usually take up quite large room, which is unfavorable for applications
Luneburg lenses are typically spherical configurations composed of layered dielectrics with gradient index, which can serve as omini-directional retro-reflectors in a wide band
Summary
Retro-reflection, which means that waves are reflected where they come, will enhance backscattering of electromagnetic waves. Corner reflectors[2] or Luneburg lens[3,4,5] are usually used. Corner reflectors are retroreflectors consisting of three mutually perpendicular, intersecting flat surfaces, which reflect waves back directly towards the source. They can operate effectively in a broad angle range and in a quite wide band. Luneburg lenses are typically spherical configurations composed of layered dielectrics with gradient index, which can serve as omini-directional retro-reflectors in a wide band. A prototype was designed, simulated and measured Both the simulation and experiment results show that the retro-reflective metasurface can enhance backscattering quite effectively in X band. The work can be readily extended to the design of conformal metasurfaces of backscattering enhancement
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