Abstract
Soil moisture is a key factor in the reclamation of wetland habitats. Understanding the distribution and relative amount of water can be critical in reintroducing trees and grasses to disturbed soils. Soil moisture is also one of the main factors affecting microwave radar backscatter from the ground; while there are other factors determining backscatter levels (for instance, surface roughness, vegetation, and incident angle), relative variations in soil moisture can be estimated using space-based, high resolution, multitemporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In this work, relative soil moisture indicators are derived from a time series of Sentinel-1 SAR data over previously mined oil sands in Alberta, Canada. The algorithm provides a relative assessment of soil moisture and requires calibration over wet and dry periods. An evaluation of the soil moisture product is validated using in situ measurements at multiple sites with observations showing agreement from May to August. Comparisons with precipitation records show that SAR derived surface soil moisture is influenced by discreet precipitation events; that is, rainfall that is coincident with the satellite observation reduces the effectiveness of the measurement. The resulting algorithm controls for rain events by including local weather records to adjust estimates based on the known precipitation.
Highlights
O IL sands are a mixture of sand, clay, water, and bitumen— from which oil is extracted
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image on May 15 is brighter demonstrating the highest value of backscatter due to high surface soil moisture
The work was focused on the retrieval of surface soil moisture from a time series of Sentinel-1 SAR data
Summary
O IL sands are a mixture of sand, clay, water, and bitumen— from which oil is extracted. They are found in several locations around the globe. The largest reserve is located in Alberta, Canada, where significant mining of the bitumen is taking place. A requirement of mining is returning the landscape to a natural state after resource extraction. The landscape, at Suncor’s Base Mine, was over 50% wetlands with a high proportion of these wetlands classified as boreal swamp [1]. The oil sands industry has not actively attempted to reclaim swamps. The reclaimed landscape is made up of constructed landforms that have been contoured, have
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