Abstract
Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the most important factors in regulating air-sea heat flux and, thus, climate change. Most of current global daily SST products are derived from one or two transient measurements of polar-orbiting satellites, which are not the same to daily mean SST values. In this study, high-temporal-resolution SST measurements (32–40 snapshots per day) from a geostationary satellite, FengYun-4A (FY–4A), are used to analyze the diurnal variation of SST in China seas. The results present a sinusoidal pattern of the diurnal variability in SST, with the maximum value at 13:00–15:00 CST and the minimum at 06:00–08:00 CST. Based on the diurnal variation of SST, a retrieval method for daily mean SST products from polar-orbiting satellites is established and applied to 7716 visible infrared imaging radiometer (VIIRS) data in China seas. The results suggest that it is feasible and practical for the retrieval of daily mean SST with an average RMSE of 0.133 °C. This retrieval method can also be utilized to other polar-orbiting satellites and obtain more daily mean satellite SST products, which will contribute to more accurate estimation and prediction between atmosphere and ocean in the future.
Highlights
Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important parameter in marine hydrography, playing essential roles in regulating physical and biogeochemical environments in the global ocean [1]
The values of VIIRS pixels falling into a single window are averaged to February 2019 is analyzed for a direct insight of SST diurnal variation (Figure 3)
VIIRS SST has a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.284 ◦ C and a bias of 0.005 ◦ C with the daily mean AGRI SST. These results show that the retrieved VIIRS SST values are closer to the daily mean SST
Summary
Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important parameter in marine hydrography, playing essential roles in regulating physical and biogeochemical environments in the global ocean [1]. With the development of remote sensing technology, satellite-retrieved SST products are widely used with wide coverage and strong real-time performance. They are mainly utilized in the studies of water mass properties [6], ocean circulation [7], tropical cyclone [8], weather prediction [9] and ocean numerical simulation [10,11]. The quality of satellite SST products has becoming a prerequisite influencing the scientific findings. High-quality SST products are essential for oceanographic research
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