Retraction notice to ‘Use of HA-GGE biplot for interpretation of genotype × environment interaction when assessing sources of durable resistance against powdery mildew in mungbean (Vigna radiata)’ [Crop & Pasture Science (2020) doi:10.1071/CP20114

Abstract

Development of cultivars resistant to powdery mildew instigated by Erysiphe polygoni DC. is an important objective of breeding mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) worldwide. The obligate parasitic nature of the pathogen, diverse host range and quantitative inheritance pattern obscure breeding progress towards identification of resistance sources in this crop. Moreover, environment and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects also complicate identification of sources of durable resistance against powdery mildew. The present study is an attempt to unravel the GEI interaction for the purpose of evaluating sources of durable resistance, followed by identification of testing locations based on decisive parameters (discrimination power, representativeness and desirability index) as well as mega-environment delineation using the heritability-adjusted GGE (HA-GGE) biplot method. Initial studies with 236 mungbean genotypes revealed 20 promising genotypes, which were assessed further in multi-location and multi-year trials. Integration of the HA-GGE biplot and other statistical parameters revealed significant influence of environment and GEI on the dynamics of the disease, advocating the efficacy of multi-locational trials. HA-GGE biplot detected IPM-312-19 as an ideal genotype and Pusa-0672 and MH-2-15 as desirable, having durable resistance and genetic buffering capacity against this disease. These genotypes could be utilised in future resistance breeding program in mungbean. Enumeration of bootstrapping at a 95% confidence interval validated the genotype recommendation. Mega-environment delineation and desirability index suggest precise testing of material with resource optimisation in future breeding programs.