Retraction notice to “Trends in use of Swan-Ganz Catheter Among Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Hospitalization in United States, 2004-2012: Did the ESACPE Trial Make a Difference?”

Abstract

zation among heart failure patients in the post-ESCAPE era are not known. In this study, we aim to determine the temporal trends in use of swan-ganz catheterization among hospitalized heart failure patients between 2004 and 2012. Methods: The 2004-2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest database of in-patient hos- pital stays in the US, was used to identify hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of heart failure among patients $16 years using ICD-9 codes 402.xx, 404.xx, and 428.xx. Use of swan-ganz catheterization for monitoring among these patients was identified using the clinical classification software procedure code 204. Primary outcome of interest was annual swan ganz catheterization per 1000 heart failure ad- missions during the study period. Results: There were 9.2 million hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of heart failure from 2004 - 2012 (mean age 72.6 years, 51% were women). The overall rate of utilization of swan-ganz catheterization was 6.2 per 1000 heart failure hospitalizations. There was a significant increase in the proportional utilization of swan-ganz catheterization from 5.7 per 1000 heart fail- ure admissions in 2004 to 8.9 per 1000 heart failure admissions in 2012 (p!0.001 for linear trend). In contrast, among patients who died during hospitalization, a group whose disease severity may be consistent across time, there was a relative decline in proportional utilization of swan ganz catheterization (3.05 per 1000 heart failure admissions in 2004 to 2.54 per 1000 heart failure admissions in 2012 (P-trend 5 0.02). Conclusions: Proportional utilization of swan-ganz catheters among patients hospitalized for heart failure has increased over time in the post ESCAPE era. This increase is likely due to its greater use in patients with less severe disease. ally, HFrEF was diagnosed in 0.045% in the total population, 0.69% of HbSS, 0.48% of HbS, 1.47% of HbSb, and 1.85% of HbSC. Compared with the total population, there was an increased prevalence of HFrEF in patients with HbSS (OR 15.4 (95% CI: 11.5-20.5), p!0.001), HbS (OR 10.6 (95% CI:8.3-13.5), p!0.001), HbSb (OR 33.1 (95% CI:16.7-63.4), p!0.001), and HbSC (OR 41.8 (95% CI:21.1-80.3), p!0.001). Conclusions: Patients with sickle cell variants are at an increased risk of heart failure with increased age. The prevalence of heart failure is higher in males compared to females except for HgSc. Patients with sickle cell variants are at an