RETRACTED: Rheological behavior of asphalt binder and performances of asphalt mixtures modified by waste soybean oil and lignin

Abstract

Effort has been made in this study to examine how the rheological behaviors of asphalt binder and performances of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixture are affected using lignin and soybean oil. In current research lignin (3%, 5%, 7% by weight of asphalt binder) and soybean oil (5% by weight of asphalt binder) were added to modify-two types of virgin binders (AC 60–70 and AC 85/100). To assess different binders’ performance by checking their physical and rheological behavior, penetration grade, ductility, linear amplitude sweep, multiple stress creep recovery, Dynamic Shear Rheometer, rotational viscosity and softening point tests, and to evaluate asphalt mixtures’ performance, fatigue, rutting, indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus performances were evaluated. ANOVA is applied for statistically analyzing data. Rheological behaviors’ results showed the use of lignin additive increases the softening point and decrease the penetration grade. Using lignin decreases low temperature resistances of binder, whereas oil improves the bitumen’s low-temperature resistance. Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) experiment result demonstrated an enhance in high performance temperature of the virgin binder at different stress levels by the addition of lignin. While, the utilization of oil decreases the rutting strength of sample. According to Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) outcomes, the use of lignin additive decreases fatigue property of the binders. While, soybean oil enhanced it. The mixtures experiment outcomes reveal the use of lignin increased the lasting deformation resistances, resilient modulus (MR), Indirect tensile strength (ITS), fracture energies. While, addition of oil has negative effect. Fatigue test results indicated that addition of lignin decreases the fatigue life of specimens, while soybean oil increases it. The Mr of the oil modified mixture is 7% lower than original mixture. While addition of 3%, 5%, and 7% lignin leads to increase the Mr by 3%, 18%, and 25%, respectively. Through the outcomes, addition of oil to 3% lignin modified mixture lead to decrease the FE by 1% which has the same value like original binder. Adding oil to mixtures comprising 3%, 5%, and 7% lignin leads to increase the rut depth amounts about 5%, 10%, 12%, respectively.