Abstract
This paper focuses the synergistic effect of two industrial wastes, i.e. rubber tires and demolished bricks as partial replacement for sand and cement in concrete. To better explain the synergistic effect of combined wastes on the physical, mechanical, and durability, waste crumb rubber for sand and waste brick powder for cement were adopted in hybrid waste-modified green reactive powder concrete in various mass ratios. Experimental evaluation was carried out to measure workability, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and durability against freezing and thawing cycles, sulfate, and acid attacks. The microstructure of hybrid waste-modified reactive powder concrete was also analyzed to explain the mechanism of the synergistic effect. To determine the synergistic efficiency of the combined wastes on developing physical, mechanical, and durability performance of the concrete, a synergy coefficient was suggested and applied for various combinations of waste. The results unveiled that 10% replacement of waste crumb rubber for sand and waste brick powder for cement increased the initial compressive strength of the hybrid waste-modified green reactive powder concrete by more than 23.4% at 3 days. This increase is due to the mechanism of synergistic effect of waste crumb rubber and waste brick powder on the performance of the concrete. Moreover, the incorporation of waste crumb rubber and waste brick powder greatly improved the thermal conductivity and durability against freeze and thaw, and sulfate and acid attacks. Combining different recycled byproducts exhibited a synergistic effect in enhancing concrete properties, which could not be attained with a single waste in the mixture. In addition, microstructural analyzes showed that the bonding strength of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the recycled wastes and the cementitious matrix was the weakest link in the composite system.
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