RETRACTED: Ecofriendly energy efficient welding of aluminium matrix composites for aerospace applications: A state of art review

Abstract

Abstract Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the welding technique which is growing globally to weld Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs). FSW is a solid-state welding process in which temperature of the material to be joined does not exceed its melting temperature and in which properties of the parent material does not change. Friction stir welding process helps in eliminating the defects of conventional welding processes such as Fusion welding, Arc welding & Friction welding etc. Apart from conventional welding process, FSW is considered to be an eco-friendly process because it does not create fumes, gases or smoke and uses low energy which makes FSW different from conventional welding processes. FSW is applied in the fabrication of different type of joints like butt joint, lap joint or combination of both, fillet joint, etc. successfully on AMCs. Apart from Al alloys, other light metal alloys like Cu alloys, Mg alloys, Zn, and Pb can also be joined through FSW. Nowadays, the application of FSW has widened in different industries like aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, modern railways, fabrication of titanium, etc. The Aerospace industry is using FSW at major scale to join mainly AMCs (lightweight property). This paper gives an overview of the FSW to weld AMCs, and how process parameters effect the mechanical, macrostructure and microstructural properties of the joint. The paper also highlights the wear state of the FSW tool and ways to overcome them.