RETRACTED: Development and evaluation of a second victim training course for nursing managers

Abstract

BackgroundMost nursing managers are not fully aware of second victims and may not be able to provide support. Moreover, there are relatively few training courses for nursing managers about second victims. AimTo describe the construction and evaluation of a second victim course for nursing managers. DesignA single-group pretest–posttest study design was used. SettingA large comprehensive tertiary hospital with over 3000 beds in China. ParticipantsForty-nine nursing managers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this training. Sixteen clinical frontline nurses who experienced adverse events within three months following the training were also invited. MethodsThe course “Second Victim & Empathy Communication” was developed through a literature review and expert consultation and consisted of 4 unit modules: (1) adverse events & second victims, (2) the recovery trajectory of second victims, (3) second victim supportive resources, and (4) key strategies of empathy communication. A course evaluation questionnaire, an empathy communication questionnaire for nursing managers, a second victim evaluation questionnaire, and an open-ended question were used to measure the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the course. Results>97.96 % of the nursing managers were satisfied with the course, >97.96 % had learned new knowledge, and >95.92 % had changed their behavior and attitudes toward second victims. Their levels of empathetic communication differed significantly before and after training (t = −2.170, P = 0.035). Among these nursing managers, twenty-six participants provided positive and meaningful feedback and suggestions to the course by answering an open-ended question. A total of 66.6 % to 100 % of second victims were satisfied with the empathetic communication behavior exhibited by nursing managers. ConclusionThe second victim training course is feasible and can be used for clinical training to enhance nursing managers' understanding of second victims and enhance their empathetic communication.