RETRACTED ARTICLE: Thyroid nodules update in diagnosis and management.

Shrikant Tamhane,Hossein Gharib

doi:10.1186/s40842-015-0011-7

Shrikant Tamhane, Hossein Gharib

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-015-0011-7

Copy DOI

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are very common. With widespread use of sensitive imaging in clinical practice, incidental thyroid nodules are being discovered with increasing frequency. Their clinical importance is primarily related to the need to exclude malignancy (4.0 to 6.5 percent of all thyroid nodules), assess for their functional status and any pressure symptoms caused by them. New Molecular tests are marketed for the assessment of thyroid nodules for the presence of cancer. The high prevalence of thyroid nodules requires evidence-based rational strategies for their differential diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment, and follow-up. This review addresses advances and controversies in thyroid nodule evaluation, including the new molecular tests, and their management considering the current guidelines and supporting evidence.

Highlights

Thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is radiologically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma
They are discovered as an accidental finding by a patient, or as an incidental finding during a routine physical examination in 3 to 7 % [1] or by a radiologic procedure: 67 % with ultrasonography (US) imaging, 15 % with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck, and 1–2 % with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography
For patients with nonfunctioning nodules and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels >1 mU/mL, where available, either a mRNA classifier system or mutational analysis for further evaluating Fine needle aspiration (FNA) aspirates with indeterminate cytology

Summary

Introduction

Thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is radiologically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the most accurate method for evaluating thyroid nodules and helps to identify patients who require surgical resection [6]. If a serum TSH is normal or elevated, and the nodule meets criteria for sampling, the step in the evaluation of a thyroid nodule is a FNA biopsy.

Results

Conclusion