RETRACTED ARTICLE: Robust Optimization-Based Energy Pricing and Dispatching Model Using DSM for Smart Grid Aggregators to Tackle Price Uncertainty

Abstract

In this paper, we have proposed a two-level, dual-stage demand side management technique to tackle the energy procurement tariff and power dispatch constraints confronted by a retailer who acts as an aggregator agent in smart grid to eliminate the communication gap between consumers and wholesale energy market. In primal stage the consumers’ demand response has been characterized by Stackelberg game in accordance with the retail tariff; therefore, the primal stage has two additional stages. A risk-aversive dispatched power secretarial to anticipate the market tariff uncertainties has been modeled by using the linear robust optimization and contains objective uncertainties in the secondary stage. The proposed algorithm is converted into a joint integral linear program by conjointly employing the duality approach. In addition, we have designed a heuristic technique to choose the parameters within the disjunctive problems depending on the elucidation of Lagrange multiplier. Moreover we have also proposed a solution for additional linear programming model to attain a probable enhanced bidding technique which assures the Pareto efficiency in the retailer’s profits over the entire uncertain period. The intense performance evaluation by different case studies shows the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model.