Abstract
MgO is an attractive choice for carcinogenic cell destruction in photodynamic therapy, as confirmed by manifold analysis. The prime focus of the presented research is to investigate the toxicity caused by morphologically different MgO nanostructures obtained by annealing at various annealing temperatures. Smart (stimuli-responsive) MgO nanomaterials are a very promising class of nanomaterials, and their properties can be controlled by altering their size, morphology, or other relevant characteristics. The samples investigated here were grown by the co-precipitation technique. Toxicity-dependent parameters were assessed in a HeLa cell model after annealing the grown samples at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. After the overall characterization, an analysis of toxicity caused by changes in the MgO nanostructure morphology was tested in a HeLa cell model using a neutral red assay and microscopy. The feasibility of using MgO for PDT was assessed. Empirical modelling was applied to corroborate the experimental results obtained from assessing cell viability losses and reactive oxygen species. The results indicate that MgO is an excellent candidate material for medical applications and could be utilized for its potential ability to upgrade conventionally used techniques.
Highlights
Malignancy is considered to be the leading cause of long term injury, morbidity, and mortality worldwide[1]
It was previously reported that MgO NPs is supposed to be an auspicious materials due to its relevant biomedical applications, such as antibacterial/anticancer activity, magnetic hyperthermia, nano-cryosurgery, and as an Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent[7,8,9,10]
Improved Gd-based MRI imaging can be achieved with Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) that have been approved by the FDA for improving bioavailability of drugs in body organs and tissues[11,12,13]
Summary
Malignancy is considered to be the leading cause of long term injury, morbidity, and mortality worldwide[1]. MgO NPs proved to be a promising material for biomedical applications due in cancer therapy, nano-cryosurgery, and hyperthermia. Research results show that MgO-based contrast agents are ideal for use in MRI as a diagnostic and therapeutic material. It was previously reported that MgO NPs is supposed to be an auspicious materials due to its relevant biomedical applications, such as antibacterial/anticancer activity, magnetic hyperthermia, nano-cryosurgery, and as an MRI contrast agent[7,8,9,10]. Though MgO NPs are being investigated as potential MRI contrast agents on a trial basis, Gadolinium (Gd) is a candidate material for use in this area. Electrostatic interactions between magnetic hybrid nano-carriers (e.g., dendrimer complexes) show morphological features that are desired in various biomedical applications, especially nucleic acid therapy. The drug doxorubicin was shown to enhance the localization of the hybrid form of lipid NPs, leading to greater toxicity along with many beneficial effects[24]
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