RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhancement of the antifungal properties of Zataria multiflora essential oil through nanoencapsulation with ZnO nanomaterial

Abstract

We, the Editor and Publisher of the Toxin Reviews, have retracted the following article: Samira Enayati, Mahdi Davari, Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh, Asgar Ebadollahi & Solmaz Feizpoor (2021). Enhancement of the antifungal properties of Zataria multiflora essential oil through nanoencapsulation with ZnO nanomaterial. Toxin Reviews, DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2007405 After publication of this article, concerns about duplication of part of Figure 3A in Figure 3B were brought to the attention of the Editor and Publisher. The image used for F. oxysporum UM56 treatment with 600ppm ZnO in Figure 3A was also included as F. oxysporum UM56 treatment with 150ppm ZnO-ZmEO in Figure 3B. The authors were contacted and, while they did provide a replacement image for Figure 3A, subsequent investigations determined that another image in Figure 3A (F. oxysporum FL6 treatment with 600ppm ZnO/EO) in the same article was identical to the top part of Figure 8 C (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum treatment with 400 ppm of nanocomposite) published by the same authors in the following article: Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh, Mahdi Davari, Reza Manafi-Yeldagermani, Shervin Alikhah Asl, Samira Enaiati, Asgar Ebadollahi, Solmaz Feizpoor. Antifungal activity of TiO2/AgBr nanocomposites on some phytopathogenic fungi (2021) Food Science Nutrition 9: 7, 3815-3823, DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2357 Again, the authors provide a replacement image, however the images were not in a format that satisfies our requirements to confirm their authenticity. Given the duplications of figures in the same article and across articles, the article in Toxin Reviews is being retracted. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.