RETRACTED ARTICLE: ATP level in red blood cells improves by altering the low-level DPSS laser irradiation condition

Abstract

The effects of DPSS laser irradiating stored blood at 405, 589, and 670 nm on the ATP levels in human red blood cells have been studied in comparison. Human blood samples were taken from healthy donors’ whole blood and stored. A DPSS laser with different wavelengths was used as a radiation source, with an output power of 10 mW and a fluence of 70 J/cm2 per irradiated sample. The CellTiter-GloLuminescent Assay kit (Promega) was used to determine ATP levels in RBCs. The blood was kept for a maximum of 20 days, and samples were evaluated on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 before and after irradiation. The red blood cell ATP level was calculated by optical density using an ELISA reader to test the emission intensity. No significant differences in RBCs counts were found between pre- and post-irradiated cells at various storage periods with different laser wavelengths. In contrast, at a laser wavelength of 589 nm with storage times of 5, 10, 15, and 20 days, the RBCs had more significant differences (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.03, P < 0.02, respectively) between pre- and post-irradiated cells. Moreover, various DPSS lasers were applied and were found to induce significant changes in ATP levels (P < 0.0003, P < 0.04, and P < 0.01, respectively). The highest increase in the ATP level (4.9%) was observed when the laser dose of 70 J/cm2 was delivered at a 589 nm wavelength. Our results clearly demonstrate that red blood cell radiation with low-power lasers of 405, 589, and 670 nm increases the ATP level in RBCs compared with their non-irradiated counterparts at various storage times. This, it is suggested that laser DPSS can cause structural transformations of the red blood cell membrane or components of the membrane.