Abstract
ABSTRACT We studied the outcomes of 95 advice events nested within 52 adult clients nested within 23 doctoral student therapists in the final session of individual psychodynamic psychotherapy when therapists had initiated the termination. In 77% of the final sessions, therapists gave at least one piece of advice. Advice was focused on future therapy work (45%), changes in self or self-reflection (42%), or relationships (12%). On average, client collaboration decreased after advice and clients verbalized a moderate intent to act. Clients whose therapists provided more explicit advice had higher subsequent collaboration, and advice that was more directive was associated with lower intent to act. Implications for practice and research are provided.
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