RETRACTED ARTICLE: Accumulative radial-forward extrusion (ARFE) processing as a novel severe plastic deformation technique

Abstract

A novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique entitled accumulative radial-forward extrusion (ARFE) is introduced for producing ultra-fine grained bulk materials. This method is based on radial-forward extrusion process because of inherent capabilities for imposing extremely high plastic strains on material. ARFE was applied to AA1050 and the ability of this process in significant grain refinement is determined even after single cycle. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination showed ultra-fine grains (UFGs) with the average grain size of 450 nm after one cycle of ARFE. Furthermore, micro-hardness distribution through the part’s section indicates the hardness increase to ∼52 Hv from the initial value of ∼28 Hv after one cycle of ARFE. In order to further investigate of the accumulated strains, ARFE process was also numerically modelled by finite element method.