RETRACTED ARTICLE: A reexamination of molecular markers for use in marker-assisted breeding in tomato

Abstract

Molecular markers have been used for identification and mapping of genes and QTLs for numerous agriculturally important traits in tomato, including resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and fruit- and flower-related characteristics. However, the extent to which markers have been utilized in tomato breeding programs has not been clearly determined. A review of the literature indicated that the utility of most markers for use in tomato breeding programs have not been verified. Many markers are not validated across tomato genotypes or are not polymorphic within tomato breeding populations. In this study, we examined the utility of available markers for several major disease resistance traits in tomato by testing them in a number of breeding lines and commercial cultivars with known resistance/susceptibility responses. While several markers were validated, others needed PCR optimization for successful amplifications or were not informative in the genotypes used. Specifically, of the 37 markers examined 19 (~51%) were informative, including markers for resistance to Fusarium wilt, late blight, bacterial wilt, tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, and root knot nematodes. It appears that many of the available markers may need to be further refined or examined for trait association and presence of polymorphism in breeding lines and populations. However, with recent advances in tomato sequencing, it is becoming increasingly possible to develop more informative markers to accelerate the use of MAS in tomato breeding.