RETRACTED: Alkali-activated fly ash concrete with untreated coal aggregate: Fresh- and hardened state properties

Abstract

The alkali-activated materials found in agricultural and industrial waste have less carbon impact on concrete production. This study intends to use unprocessed charcoal gravel (UCG) and unprocessed charcoal fine gravel (UCFG) appropriately as a substitution of normal gravel stack to manufacture self-consolidated construction material (SCCM). The SCCM contains pulverized fuel ash (PFA), two different alkalis- NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 as alkali activator, and superplasticizer (SP). The measured features are density, workability, air content, mechanical stresses, modulus of elasticity, gas-based, water-based, and chloride-based endurance, resistivity of electrical power and strength of acid on ten different SCCM mixes in the work. In the mixes, the stack of normal gravel was substituted with the stack of unprocessed charcoal gravel at ten contents in terms of volume: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. In addition to the measured features, new math models were suggested to estimate the durability and mechanical features of SCCM produced with different stack of unprocessed charcoal gravel. It was shown with the results that the SCCM features were developed significantly by substituting of 20% normal gravel stack with unprocessed charcoal gravel stack. In addition, the suggested math models could obtain to estimate accurately the features of SCCM containing PFA, alkalis, unprocessed charcoal gravel, and superplasticizer.