RETRACTED: A scientometric analysis on mechanical and microstructural characterization of geopolymer composites subjected to high temperatures

Abstract

Class F fly ash (FA)-sourced geopolymers (GPM) are susceptible to different high-temperature phenomena, for instance, spalling, cracking, and thermal shrinkage. Protection of structural elements from fire is of great significance. These days, the construction industry is struggling to introduce sustainable binding composite materials to develop an eco-friendly environment due to the large carbon production during the manufacturing process of Portland cement. Therefore, the development of sustainable cementitious GPM is in the spotlight of the current research. The use of GPM as a substitute for Portland cement is the best replacement for sustainable development. A large number of review studies on the mechanical, durability, and microstructural features of GPM have already been performed; nevertheless, the influence of high temperatures up to 1000 °C on GPM and its exposure to fire still needs more exploration to check the suitability of GPM in the construction industry. In the present study, an extensive review of the mixing process, fresh behavior, curing conditions, shrinkage behavior, and thermal features of FA-sourced GPM subjected to fire conditions is performed. The effect of adding various alkali materials on the thermal features of GPM is elaborated. The phase formation, initial strength development, and melting temperature due to the involvement of minor elements are reviewed and deliberated. The pore interconnectivity to minimize the damaging behavior of GPM and the progression of ingredient features when the GPM is subjected to high temperature are also covered in the present study. The results of the studies presented that the potassium-sourced alkali materials depict a better thermal resistance of GPM. Concerning future works and recommendations, the reactive phases of GPM under high temperatures should be examined.