Retour dans la vallée du Rio São Francisco

Abstract

On the occasion of the Fourth French-Brazilian itinerant seminar, “Cities and river in the history of Brazil: Rio Sao Francisco”, the text revisits articles published in 1978, 1980 and 1981, illustrated with 1977 photographs and new maps. Though often portrayed as one of the most promising regions in Brazil, and despite having been object, for the last seventy years, of various development projects, the Sao Francisco valley remains one of the most underdeveloped areas of the country. The history of its occupation partly accounts for this situation, as the Sao Francisco is the river of the sertao. The various attempts at reclaiming the region, since 1946, are due to various motives, some of them political, but they are also due to a mythical view of the Sao Francisco as being the “river of national unity”. From 1948 to 1967, the CVSF was rather unsuccessful, probably given too many tasks to carry out. Since 1967, the Suvale and then the Codevasf have focused their action on a few areas in which their main activity is irrigation, but the needs of hydroelectric-power threatens its development. The competition for water therefore makes it necessary to reappraise the future of the valley, gradually integrated into the economy of Brazil’s coastal regions.