Abstract
It is difficult to regenerate mammalian retinal cells once the adult retina is damaged, and current clinical approaches to retinal damages are very limited. The introduction of the retinal organoid technique empowers researchers to study the molecular mechanisms controlling retinal development, explore the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, develop novel treatment options, and pursue cell/tissue transplantation under a certain genetic background. Here, we revisit the historical background of retinal organoid technology, categorize current methods of organoid induction, and outline the obstacles and potential solutions to next-generation retinal organoids. Meanwhile, we recapitulate recent research progress in cell/tissue transplantation to treat retinal diseases, and discuss the pros and cons of transplanting single-cell suspension versus retinal organoid sheet for cell therapies.
Highlights
IntroductionMany human retinal diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Age-Related Macular
Many human retinal diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Age-Related MacularDegeneration (AMD), and glaucoma cause irreversible retinal degeneration and damage
This review aims to introduce the historical background of the production of retinal organoids, summarize current methods to induce retinal organoids and to establish disease models, and address the existing problems of retinal organoid technology and possible solutions
Summary
Many human retinal diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Age-Related Macular. Degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma cause irreversible retinal degeneration and damage. Lower-ranked vertebrates such as amphioxus and zebrafish possess a powerful retinal regenerative capacity. Retinas in birds have very limited regenerative ability, while mammalian retinas are almost impossible to regenerate once damaged [1]. With mouse and other model organisms, researchers have gained an important understanding of the mechanisms of retinal development and disease occurrence, the structure and cell composition of the human retina are quite different from those of model organisms such as mice, which hinders the application of laboratory research to clinical practice. The emergence of retinal organoid technology brought high hope in the field [2]. Retinal organoids derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) or
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
