Reticulated platelets are increased and hyper-activated in patients with cirrhosis, especially those with poor outcome

Abstract

BackgroundReticulated platelets (RePLT) are emergency circulating platelets released to contrast peripheral platelet destruction. AimWe conducted a prospective study to [a] characterize RePLT in cirrhosis; [b] evaluate the association between RePLT and hepatic decompensation/death. MethodsCirrhosis patients without hepatocellular carcinoma were prospectively recruited and underwent assessment of RePLT and thrombopoietin (TPO). RePLT were evaluated by cytofluorimetry and immuno-fluorescence microscopy. Twenty healthy subjects were included as controls. Patients were followed for 6 months for hepatic decompensation and further decompensation/ACLF. ResultsForty-five patients were included (Child-Pugh [CP] A/B/C 18/11/16). Compared to controls, RePLT in cirrhosis were significantly increased (0.82% vs. 0.05%; p < 0.001) and hyperactivated (4.35% vs. 0.17%; p = 0.004). No correlation was observed between RePLT and CP, platelet count, TPO, MELD score, and C-reactive protein. TPO was lower in cirrhosis than controls (28 pg/mL vs. 52 pg/mL; p = 0.005), decreasing significantly with CP stage. In CP B/C patients (n = 27), RePLT were significantly higher in those who progressed towards further decompensation/ACLF (2.11 [0.56–2.95] vs. 0.69 [0.02–1.22]; p < 0.01). A proportion of RePLT >2% accurately identified high-risk patients (AUROC 0.818; 95%CI: 0.639–0.997; sensitivity 94%, specificity 73%). ConclusionRePLT in cirrhosis are increased and hyper-activated. In decompensated patients, higher RePLT appear to be associated with worse outcomes.