Abstract
A thorough understanding of the mixing and diffusion of turbulent jets released in porous obstructions is still lacking in literature. This issue is undoubtedly of interest because it is not strictly limited to vegetated flows, but also includes outflows which come from different sources and which spread among oyster or wind farms, as well as aerial pesticide treatments sprayed onto orchards. The aim of the present research is to analyze this process from a theoretical point of view. Specifically, by examining the entrainment coefficient, it is deduced that the presence of a canopy prevents a momentum jet from having an entrainment process, but rather promotes its detrainment. In nature, detrainment is usually associated with buoyancy-driven flows, such as plumes or density currents flowing in a stratified environment. The present study proves that detrainment occurs also when a momentum-driven jet is issued in a not-stratified obstructed current, such as a vegetated flow.
Highlights
A thorough understanding of the mixing and diffusion of turbulent jets released in porous obstructions is still lacking in literature
Hydrodynamics affect the structure of the underwater vegetation fields by dispersing spores, by mediating the availability of nutrients[2,3], and by exerting drag forces and associated turbulence[4,5], which could be responsible for vegetation development and survival[6]
It is well known that seagrasses are able to significantly influence the hydrodynamic environment by reducing current velocity, dissipating wave energy and increasing deposition or retention of finer sediments, to which benthic invertebrates are sensitive[7,8,9,10]
Summary
A thorough understanding of the mixing and diffusion of turbulent jets released in porous obstructions is still lacking in literature. It is well known that seagrasses are able to significantly influence the hydrodynamic environment by reducing current velocity, dissipating wave energy and increasing deposition or retention of finer sediments, to which benthic invertebrates are sensitive[7,8,9,10]. They have important ecological consequences, reducing turbidity and increasing light penetration, enhancing primary production and photosynthesis, which in turn guarantee their growth and reproduction. Spatial heterogeneity in the canopy-scale parameters and architecturally varying components may originate complex flow patterns, which is difficult to interpret, even if using data collected from real channels with live vegetation
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