Abstract
Ecosystems provide many services that are essential for human activities and for our well-being. Many regulation services are interconnected and are fundamental in mitigating and hindering the negative effects of several phenomena such as pollution. Pollution, in particular airborne particulate matter (PM), represents an important risk to human health. This perspective aims at providing a current framework that relates ecosystem services, regulating services, pollination, and human health, with particular regards to pollution and its impacts. A quantitative literature analysis on the topic has been adopted. The health repercussions of problems related to ecosystem services, with a focus on the effects of atmospheric particulate matter, have been highlighted in the work throughout a case study. In polluted environments, pollinators are severely exposed to airborne PM, which adheres to the insect body hairs and can be ingested through contaminated food resources, i.e., pollen and honey. This poses a serious risk for the health of pollinators with consequences on the pollination service and, ultimately, for human health.
Highlights
CREA-Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Lanciola, 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy; CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Abstract: Ecosystems provide many services that are essential for human activities and for our well-being
This work work can can provide providesome some guidance guidance for for the theformulation formulation of of protection protection policies policies on on pollinators considering their fundamental contribution on ecosystem services, pollinators considering their fundamental contribution on ecosystem services, regulating
It was evidenced how linkages between pollinators, plants, and ecoregulating. It was evidenced how linkages between pollinators, plants, and logical interactions lead to positive effects on ecosystem services, the regulating ecological interactions lead to positive effects on ecosystem services, the and supporting ones
Summary
A current and comprehensive analysis of the ecosystem service and pollinator/pollination relationships present in literature is here given. Interplay of landscape composition and the configuration of new pathways to manage the most recent document reported for thisbyauthor investigated functional biodiversity and agroecosystem services across Europe underlining how the the field enhancing density in can European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity crop boundaryedge features that stabilize bee populations and pollinate mass-flowering and yield-enhancing ecosystem in rotational systems [31].
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