Abstract
This paper discusses the potential of Union citizenship following the stipulation of Union citizenship in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty. As the first supranational citizenship, Union citizenship is conceptualised as a developing concept. Building on TH Marshall's concept of composite citizenship that rests on two tiers, namely historical elements (rights, access, belonging) and constitutive elements (the relationship between individual citizens and the polity, as routinised through citizenship practice), it is argued that Union citizenship has everything to gain from establishing place-oriented participation rights. The paper presents the novel concept of citizenship based on socio-historical account, and undertakes empirical research into advocacy group demands and policy discourse to address the potential for place-oriented citizenship in the European Union (EU).
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