Retentive bio-based chemical gel for removing glues from water-sensitive wooden artworks

Abstract

Aged animal glues degrade and weaken over time, resulting in flakes and cracks on the material employed by wooden manufacturers and luthiers. Because of this deterioration, conservators and restorers remove aged water-soluble glues with a water swab, smoothing enough to clean them mechanically and putting on new reversible glues. However, it raises the question of whether a water swab can control moisture delivery while removing glue from wood, a hygroscopic and water-sensitive material.This study formulated a chemically crosslinked film-forming hydrogel based on sodium alginate (SA) with (3-Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and calcium chloride, named as CA-GPTMS to construct a retentive gel. Synthesized gel materials were characterized using several methods: liquid state NMR, FTIR-ATR, and SEM-EDS analyses were involved in examining the cross-linking process, while moisture and mechanical properties were examined to understand its suitability for the cleaning application process. The strategies for applying the CA-GPTMS gel on wood surface were to selectively soften the glue and to remove it as well as leave no residues on the wood surface. The cleaning process was investigated by using different techniques, i.e., stereomicroscopy, reflection-FTIR, and SEM-EDS. Compared to traditional rigid Agar gel, the CA-GPTMS gel appeared successfully resistant to destruction and was suitable for application on highly water-sensitive surfaces.