Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the retention strength of five cement types commonly used in implant-retained fixed partial dentures, before and after compressive cyclic loading. In five solid abutments screwed to 5 implant analogs, 50 metal Cr-Ni alloy copings were cemented with five luting agents: resin-modified glass ionomer (RmGI), resin composite (RC), glass ionomer (GI), resin urethane-based (RUB), and compomer cement (CC). Two tensile tests were conducted with a universal testing machine, one after the first luting of the copings and the other after 100,000 cycles of 100 N loading at 0.72 Hz. The one way ANOVA test was applied for the statistical analysis using the post hoc Tukey test when required. Before and after applying the compressive load, RmGI and RC cement types showed the greatest retention strength. After compressive loading, RUB cement showed the highest percentage loss of retention (64.45%). GI cement recorded the lowest retention strength (50.35 N) and the resin composite cement recorded the highest (352.02 N). The type of cement influences the retention loss. The clinician should give preference to lower retention strength cement (RUB, CC, and GI) if he envisages any complications and a high retention strength one (RmGI, RC) for a specific clinical situation.
Highlights
The high long-term survival of implants, especially in patients with good oral hygiene, makes the rehabilitation with a partial implant-supported fixed prosthesis an option frequently offered by the clinician and requested by the patient
The temporary urethane-based resin cement had the highest retention value. The retention of this cement was approximately half that of the resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement types, slightly higher than compomer cement retention and 75% greater compared to the retention of glass ionomer cement, with no statistically significant differences being revealed by the Tukey post hoc test
The data of this study showed that despite the large percentage of retention loss of the five cement types, only the use of the Premier Implant Cement, Fuji I Capsule, and Stay Bond KDM cement types would help prosthesis retrievability, as a maximum force of just 75.12 N would be sufficient to dislodge the crowns
Summary
The high long-term survival of implants, especially in patients with good oral hygiene, makes the rehabilitation with a partial implant-supported fixed prosthesis an option frequently offered by the clinician and requested by the patient. There are only two systems to fix this kind of prosthesis to implants: screw-retained and cement-retained implant-supported restorations. Both systems have advantages and disadvantages and, depending on the particular clinical situation, one retention type could be more appropriate than the other [1]. Aesthetics, good mechanical environment, major passive fit, and occlusal control are the main advantages of a cementretained implant-supported prosthesis, and the increased likelihood of peri-implantitis and the difficulty of retrievability are the main disadvantages. The retrievability, ease of use, and greater stability in immediate loading and provisional restorations are the main advantages of a screwretained implant-supported prosthesis and the mechanicaltechnical complications (screw loosening and others) are the main disadvantages [1]. There is significantly lower total rate of technical and biological complications and more frequent fracturing of the veneering material in screw-retained implant-supported prostheses compared to the cemented ones [3]
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