Abstract
Background Thioacetamide (TAA), a class 2B-type carcinogen, is a potent toxicant. Toxicities caused by this compound in various tissues due to oxidative stress, increase of proinflammatory markers, and apoptosis have been reported; however, reports on kidney toxicity are negligible. Resveratrol (RSV), on the other hand, has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different cases. Resveratrol's protective effects against TAA kidney toxicity were investigated in four rat groups. Methodology Four groups of rats were studied as follows (n = 8): control group, where rats were fed normal diet and water; TAA group, where rats received 0.3% TAA in water for two weeks; RSV group, where rats received 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) of RSV as oral suspension for two weeks; and treated group, where rats orally received 10 mg/kg bw RSV and simultaneously received 0.3% TAA for two weeks. Kidney homogenates from all groups were analyzed for cytokine release (IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, catalase, and 8-OHdG). The serum of rats was analyzed for the quantification of renal function markers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and creatine kinase). Result A significant increase in the renal function markers (BUN, 240%; creatinine, 187%; and creatine kinase, 117%), oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, 192% increase; catalase, 30.5% decrease), cytokines (IL-4, 120%; TNF-α, 129%; and IFN-γ, 133%), and DNA damage was observed in the TAA-treated group. All changes were significantly reversed in the group treated with RSV and TAA (P < 0.05) in combination, with no significant difference compared to the control group. Conclusion We conclude that resveratrol shows protection against TAA toxicity in rat kidney with respect to DNA damage, oxidative stress, renal function and cytokine release.
Highlights
Thioacetamide (TAA; CH3CSNH2), an organosulfur compound, is commonly used as a fungicide [1, 2] owing to its generation of sulfide ions that prevent the germination of fungal spores
The metabolites generated are later distributed among several organs including the liver, kidney, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity adrenals, bone marrow, plasma, and other tissues [13], can modify amine lipids and proteins leading to further systemic oxidative stress, cytokine release, and altered kidney function that remain poorly understood
The TAA group that received 0.3% TAA dissolved in water for two weeks experienced a significant increase in IL-4
Summary
Thioacetamide (TAA; CH3CSNH2), an organosulfur compound, is commonly used as a fungicide [1, 2] owing to its generation of sulfide ions that prevent the germination of fungal spores. Thioacetamide (TAA), a class 2B-type carcinogen, is a potent toxicant Toxicities caused by this compound in various tissues due to oxidative stress, increase of proinflammatory markers, and apoptosis have been reported; reports on kidney toxicity are negligible. A significant increase in the renal function markers (BUN, 240%; creatinine, 187%; and creatine kinase, 117%), oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, 192% increase; catalase, 30.5% decrease), cytokines (IL-4, 120%; TNF-α, 129%; and IFN-γ, 133%), and DNA damage was observed in the TAA-treated group. We conclude that resveratrol shows protection against TAA toxicity in rat kidney with respect to DNA damage, oxidative stress, renal function and cytokine release
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