Resveratrol Protects against Restraint Stress Effects on Stomach and Spleen in Adult Male Mice.

Wael Ennab,Saif Ullah,Ngekure M.X Kavita,Quanwei Wei,Fangxiong Shi,Sheeraz Mustafa,Zengpeng Lv

doi:10.3390/ani9100736

Wael Ennab, Saif Ullah + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100736

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Abstract

Simple SummaryThe current project was designed to examine the effects of restraint stress on body weights, food and water consumption, and pathophysiology of the stomach and spleen in adult mice, and potential roles of the phenolic compound resveratrol during treatment. We found that restraint stress (which is known to be a mixture of psychologic and physical stress) caused a reduction in body weight, food and water consumption, and morphologic changes in the stomach and spleen, which could lead to gastritis or ulcers and splenomegaly, while treatment with resveratrol prevented the negative alterations to the stomach and spleen.The objectives were to investigate whether restraint stress (which is known as a mixture of psychologic and physical stress) exerts negative effects on the stomach and spleen, and whether the phenolic compound resveratrol (RES) exerts any protective roles. Fifty adult male mice were divided into five groups, with 10 mice per group as follows: control (C), restraint stress (RS), RS with vehicle (RS + V), RS with 2 mg/kg of resveratrol (RS + 2 mg RES), and RS with 20 mg/kg of resveratrol (RS + 20 mg RES). Mice were restrained in conical centrifuge tubes for 4 h daily to establish the RS model. RS + 2 mg RES, RS + 20 mg RES, and RS + V groups were given an oral dose of resveratrol or vehicle for 15 consecutive days, while the control group was not exposed to restraint stress. Herein, we showed that restraint stress decreased body weight and food and water consumption in stressed groups RS and RS + V compared to controls, while the groups treated with resveratrol showed improvements. Moreover, restraint stress caused acute damage to the morphology of gastric cells and reduced the quantitative distribution of parietal cells along with their decreased size and diameter, pointing to gastritis or ulcer. Furthermore, the antibody against the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was highly attached in the RS groups. Splenic size, weight, and length were also greatly augmented in the stressed groups compared to the controls, while these phenomena were not observed in the RS + 2 mg RES group. Our findings proved significant ameliorating effects of resveratrol against restraint stress in adult male mice.

Highlights

Stress is an inevitable phenomenon in this modern world
Our results showed a high expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of parietal cells, and we demonstrated that restraint stress augmented apoptosis and dysfunction of parietal cells, while resveratrol attenuated the apoptotic rate and improved overall health
Restraint stress creates adverse effects on animal body weight, feeding, and water consumption. It enhances the apoptotic process in parietal cells, which leads to the loss of cell number and size compared to the control group

Summary

Introduction

Stress is an inevitable phenomenon in this modern world. Stressful situations can lead to many physiological and psychological alterations. Disturbance of homeostasis is called stress, and homeostasis challenged by a stimulus is termed as a stressor, such as an environmental condition [1]. There are three types of stressors, physical, psychological, and metabolic. Animals 2019, 9, 736 biomedical research, stressors are often used in a mixed type such as restraint stress, where movement is limited to a restricted area, and the individual animal or human being is isolated from his or her group [2,3]. The energy requirement of the body increases, resulting in increased production of free radicals. The body loses its ability to defend against stress [4]

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