Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Conventional cancer treatment is costly and results in many side effects. Dietary bioactive compounds may be a potential source for breast cancer prevention and treatment. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the bioactive compounds resveratrol, curcumin and piperine (R-C-P) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and to associate them to Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) activity. The findings indicate that R-C-P exhibits cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells. R-C-P decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by 1.93-, 2.04- and 1.17-fold, respectively. Glutathione and N-acetylcysteine were able to reverse the cytotoxicity of the assessed bioactive compounds in MCF-7 cells. R-C-P reduced GLO1 activity by 1.36-, 1.92- and 1.31-fold, respectively. R-C-P in the presence of antimycin A led to 1.98-, 1.65- and 2.16-fold decreases in D-lactate levels after 2 h of treatment, respectively. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal presented cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells, with IC50 values of 2.8 and 2.7 mM and of 1.5 and 1.4 mM after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that R-C-P results in cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 cells and that this outcome is associated with decreasing GLO1 activity and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the type of cancer that affects women the most worldwide, in both developing and developed countries
MCF-7 cells were used to evaluate the effects of resveratrol, curcumin and piperine on breast cancer
The findings indicate that 32.12%, 60.17% and 27.41% of the cell growth were inhibited following 24 h of treatment with 131.0 μM resveratrol, 24.5 μM curcumin and 94.5 μM piperine, respectively, compared to the untreated control (Figure S1)
Summary
Breast cancer is the type of cancer that affects women the most worldwide, in both developing and developed countries. Resveratrol (Figure 1A) is a polyphenol produced by several plants, including grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), red wine, berries and peanuts and has been described as displaying anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-Leishmania amazonensis activities and effects on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cognitive diseases, as well as cancer [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Curcumin (Figure 1B) is a polyphenolic compound in turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes that displays potential effects against a wide variety of chronic diseases including cardiovascular, inflammatory, metabolic, neurological and skin conditions; various infectious diseases; and cancer [13,14]. Piperine exert anti-breast cancer properties, mainly by inhibiting proliferation, migration, by promoting apoptosis, by potentiating the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs and by reversing multidrug resistance [19]
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