Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4′,5 trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring non-flavonoid polyphenol. It has various pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Many studies have given special attention to different aspects of resveratrol anti-cancer properties and proved its high efficiency in targeting multiple cancer hallmarks. Tumor microenvironment has a critical role in cancer development and progression. Tumor cells coordinate with a cast of normal cells to aid the malignant behavior of cancer. Many cancer supporting players were detected in tumor microenvironment. These players include blood and lymphatic vessels, infiltrating immune cells, stromal fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Targeting tumor microenvironment components is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Resveratrol with its diverse biological activities has the capacity to target tumor microenvironment by manipulating the function of many components surrounding cancer cells. This review summarizes the targets of resveratrol in tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms involved in this targeting. Studies discussed in this review will participate in building a solid ground for researchers to have more insight into the mechanism of action of resveratrol in tumor microenvironment.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and expected to be the most significant barrier to increase life expectancy in the 21st century [1]
We summarized the targets of resveratrol in tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms by which resveratrol can regulate the functions of these targets
The bioavailability studies of resveratrol from three different sources at lower doses (25 mg per healthy subject) demonstrate that the mean proportion of free resveratrol in plasma was 1.7–1.9% with a mean plasma concentration of free resveratrol around 20 nM [28]. Boocock and his colleagues studied the pharmacokinetic of resveratrol; in vitro data showed that minimum of 5 μmol/L resveratrol is essential for the chemopreventive effects to be elicited [29]
Summary
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and expected to be the most significant barrier to increase life expectancy in the 21st century [1]. The tumor is ashowed complex continuously changingasmatrix surrounding published in thismicroenvironment year These numbers theand importance of resveratrol a health promoting cancer cells. The diverse these cells, many innate and acquired immune cells were observed as a permanent resident in biological activities of resveratrol make it one of the promising therapies that may regulate tumor tumor microenvironment [14] These cells and their products were the target for many anti-cancer therapies. We summarized the targets of resveratrol in tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms by which resveratrol can regulate the functions of these targets
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