Abstract
Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are currently being researched. Resveratrol is a polyphenol and phytoalexin found in the skins of grapes, red wine, Japanese knotweed, and peanuts. It has been studied extensively for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol has also gained attention for its neuroprotective properties. The aim of the review was to examine the mechanisms by which resveratrol reduces depressive behaviors in animal models. In total, 22 studies met the established criteria for final review. Behavioral aspects of depression were investigated using validated measures such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and open field test. While many physical measures were taken, three main biological mechanisms were explored: Regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; decreased inflammation; and increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and neurogenesis. Based on these findings, resveratrol may be deemed an effective treatment for depression in animal models at doses between 10–80 mg/kg/day, although higher doses had the most significant effects. Future studies should examine the effects of resveratrol on depression in humans to determine the eligibility of resveratrol as a natural antidepressant with less severe side effects.
Highlights
IntroductionDepression, the most common mental disorder, affects over 300 million individuals worldwide [1]
Depression, the most common mental disorder, affects over 300 million individuals worldwide [1].Mental, neurological, and substance-use disorders make up 13% of the global burden of disease, and depression is recognized as the third leading contributor
Several different tests were utilized to investigate the effects of resveratrol on depressive behaviors, behaviors, including the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), sucrose preference including the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), sucrose preference test, and open test, and open field test (OFT)
Summary
Depression, the most common mental disorder, affects over 300 million individuals worldwide [1]. Neurological, and substance-use disorders make up 13% of the global burden of disease, and depression is recognized as the third leading contributor. Depression has negative implications for individuals and their families and is associated with increased risk of mortality, lower income, higher unemployment, chronic disease, and other mental health disorders [2]. Depression often leads to suicide, with 800,000 individuals dying due to suicide per year [1]. Depression creates a major economic burden, which was estimated at $210.5 billion in 2010 [3]. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), percent of Americans over the age of take antidepressant medication; from 2005 to 2008, antidepressant use increased 400% across all age groups [3,4]
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