Abstract

Patients with severe infections and major trauma often develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Aggressive fluid resuscitation can be involved in such a process and several lines of evidence have demonstrated the detrimental effects of large crystalloid-based resuscitation strategies on MODS. Additionally, fluid-restrictive strategies have been associated with a decreased frequency of acute respiratory distress syndrome (and a shorter time to recover from it) and with trends toward a shorter length of hospital stay and lower mortality. Recent knowledge of the pathophysiology of septic shock and severe trauma indicates that a release of inflammatory mediators occurs early in the course of the disease. These mediators, especially pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as hypopituitary adrenal axis dysfunction, are involved in cardiac dysfunction and vasodilatation-induced hypotension. Taking into account this combination of severe inflammation and secondary changes in endocrine profile through an ear...

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