Abstract
The bacteria-derived tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)/tRNA pair was first used for unnatural amino acid (Uaa) mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells over 15years ago. It provides an ideal platform to genetically encode numerous useful Uaas in eukaryotes. However, this pair has been engineered to charge only a small collection of Uaas to date. Development of Uaa-selective variants of this pair has been limited by technical challenges associated with a yeast-based directed evolution platform, which is currently required to alter its substrate specificity. Here we overcome this limitation by enabling its directed evolution in an engineered strain of E.coli (ATMY), where the endogenous TyrRS/tRNA pair has been functionally replaced with an archaeal counterpart. The facile E.coli-based selection system enabled rapid engineering of this pair to develop variants that selectively incorporate various Uaas, including p-boronophenylalanine, into proteins expressed in mammalian cells as well as in the ATMY strain of E.coli.
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