Abstract
Introduction. Femoral fractures in children remain a topical problem because of the risk and frequency of severe complications, such as aseptic necrosis of the femoral head that causes deforming coxarthrosis and early disabilities. This type of injury accounts for approximately 1% of all skeletal bone fractures in childhood. In 80% of the cases, the cause of femoral neck fracture is severe trauma, but in 15% of patients, the fracture occurs despite inadequate trauma during physiologically normal activity of the child. With femoral neck fractures without stable osteosynthesis, consolidation of bone fragments occurs extremely rarely, and a long period of immobilization during conservative treatment is accompanied by a risk of complications caused by hypodynamia.
 Aim. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of different types of fracture of the femoral neck in children.
 Materials and methods. We analyzed surgical treatment results of 5 children aged 10 to 17 years (4 boys, 1 girl) with different types of femoral neck fractures according to the Delbet and Colonna classification. The cause of the fractures in all 5 children was high-energy trauma. All patients, depending on the type of fracture, underwent a closed repositioning with osteosynthesis of the fragments using metal constructions (cannulated screws, DHS plate). Follow-up observations were performed ≤7 years after the surgical treatment.
 Results. Restoration of the hip joint function, absence of pain syndrome, absence of complications, and complete social adaptation was achieved in all cases.
 Conclusion. Femoral neck fractures are subject to immediate surgical treatment because there is a high risk of aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur. With the correct technical performance, it is possible to achieve stable, positive, functional, and radiologic long-term results.
Highlights
Femoral fractures in children remain a topical problem because of the risk and frequency of severe complications, such as aseptic necrosis of the femoral head that causes deforming coxarthrosis and early disabilities
The cause of femoral neck fracture is severe trauma, but in 15% of patients, the fracture occurs despite inadequate trauma during physiologically normal activity of the child
With femoral neck fractures without stable osteosynthesis, consolidation of bone fragments occurs extremely rarely, and a long period of immobilization during conservative treatment is accompanied by a risk of complications caused by hypodynamia
Summary
Переломы шейки бедренной кости у детей остаются актуальной проблемой в связи с риском и частотой возникновения тяжелых осложнений, таких как асептический некроз головки бедренной кости, являющийся причиной деформирующего коксартроза и ранней инвалидизации ребенка. В 80 % случаев причиной перелома шейки бедренной кости служит тяжелая травма, однако у 15 % пациентов перелом происходит при неадекватной травме в случае физиологически нормальной активности ребенка. При переломах шейки бедра без стабильного остеосинтеза консолидация костных отломков наступает крайне редко, а длительный период иммобилизации в ходе консервативного лечения сопровождается риском развития осложнений, обусловленных гиподинамией. Цель работы — провести ретроспективный анализ результатов хирургического лечения различных типов переломов шейки бедренной кости у детей. Проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения 5 детей в возрасте от 10 до 17 лет с различными типами переломов шейки бедренной кости по классификации Delbet и Colonna, в том числе 4 мальчиков и 1 девочки.
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