Results of studying wheatgrass (AgropyronGaertn.) accessions from the VIR global genetic resources collection in Yakutia

V M Koryakina,A A Kochegina

doi:10.30901/2227-8834-2021-1-59-71

Abstract

With the globally changing climate, researchers seek to use plants adapted to extreme environments in breeding and genetic programs. As a forage crop, the wheatgrass from the genus AgropyronGaertn. is most suitable for such purposes.The area of temperature distribution for wheatgrass lies in the range from +42 (arid zone) to –60°C (Verkhoyansk). The use of different wheatgrass species as a crop for arid conditions is quite profoundly studied in the USA, Canada, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Genetic and breeding studies are underway in different countries. In Yakutia, with its extremely continental climate, wheatgrass has not yet been introduced as a crop, although it could play an important role in establishing a sustainable fodder reserve.The aim of the work was to study and select promising breeding source material, identifying germplasm with the best agronomic traits. As a result of a two-year study of 19 accessions of different wheatgrass species from the collection of VIR, undertaken in 2018 and 2019 in the collection nursery in Central Yakutia, plant forms were selected that exceeded the average green biomass yield for two cuts: k-52382 (wild crested wheatgrass, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan) by 43%, and k-48705 (wild-growing Kerch wheatgrass) by 40%. Besides, wild wheatgrass accession k-52382 was identified for its dry matter yield (40.2% higher than the average) and for the total green and dry matter yield for the two cuts (212.7 g/plant).Accessions k-52440 (wild Siberian wheatgrass, Stavropol Territory) and k-51330 (crested wheatgrass, Chelyabinsk Province) were selected for their high seed yield (43.5 g/m² and 41.7 g/m², respectively). The content of crude and digestible protein was the highest in k-50857 (crested wheatgrass cv. ‘Ephraim’, USA) and k-50858 (Siberian wheatgrass cv. ‘Vavilov II’, USA): 14.6% and 99 g/kg of feed, and 14.2% and 96 g/kg of feed, respectively. Winter hardiness of 12 accessions turned out to be 100%, with 80% in another 7 accessions.

Highlights

В условиях меняющегося климата планеты исследователи стремятся использовать в селекционно-генетических программах растения, способные расти в экстремальных почвенно-климатических условиях
The use of different wheatgrass species as a crop for arid conditions is quite profoundly studied in the USA, Canada, Russia, and Kazakhstan
In Yakutia, with its extremely continental climate, wheatgrass has not yet been introduced as a crop, it could play an important role in establishing a sustainable fodder reserve

Summary

Материалы и методы исследований

Материалом для исследований послужили образцы житняка, поступившие в коллекцию ВИР из пяти стран мира, в том числе Украины – 6 образцов, России – 4, США – 4, Казахстана – 3, Венгрии – 2. В качестве стандарта был выбран сорт гребневидного житняка из Казахстана ‘Батыр’, поскольку он выделился в предыдущем изучении. Сорт ‘Батыр’ выведен в НПЦ зернового хозяйства им. В период отрастания весной отличается интенсивным и мощным развитием надземной массы. Межфазный период вегетации от отрастания до укосной спелости (фаза начала цветения – 12–17 июня) составляет 48–65 дней, до созревания семян (22–25 июля) – 87–98 дней. Сорт ‘Батыр’ средневосприимчив к стеблевой и бурой ржавчине, устойчив к пыльной головне, отличается исключительно высокой зимостойкостью и засухоустойчивостью. Эколого-географическая характеристика, виды и всхожесть образцов житняка Table 1.

Hycrest II

Результаты и обсуждение

Август Сентябрь

Житняк узкоколосый сибирский дикорастущий Ставропольский край

Findings

Алтайский край