Abstract
Among 1,020 stapes mobilizations, 715 were attempted by the indirect approach to the capitulum and 305 by the direct approach to the footplate. In the 715 patients of the indirect-approach group, 11 of 100 resulted in air-bone gap closure or maximum hearing improvement permitted by the level of auditory nerve function. Only 2 of 100 achieved normal hearing. In the 305 patients of the directapproach group, 24 of 100 produced maximum hearing improvement and 8 of 100 resulted in normal hearing. In the 170 patients who underwent vein plug stapedioplasty, 90 of 100 achieved maximum hearing improvement and 50 of 100 produced normal hearing.
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