Abstract
The roller and sieve machines most commonly used in Russia for the post-harvest processing of root and tuber crops and onions have a number of disadvantages, the main one being a decrease in the quality of sorting due to the contamination of working bodies, which increases the quantity of losses during sorting and storage. To obtain high-quality competitive production, it is necessary to combine a number of technological operations during the sorting process, such as dividing the material into classes and fractions by quality and size, as well as identifying and removing damaged products. In order to improve the quality of sorting of root tubers and onions by size, it is necessary to ensure the development of an automatic control system for operating and technological parameters, the use of which will eliminate manual sorting on bulkhead tables in post-harvest processing. To fulfill these conditions, the developed automatic control system must have the ability to identify the material on the sorting surface, taking into account external damage and ensuring the automatic removal of impurities. In this study, the highest sorting accuracy of tubers (of more than 91%) was achieved with a forward speed of 1.2 m/s for the conveyor of the sorting table, with damage to 2.2% of the tubers, which meets the agrotechnical requirements for post-harvest processing. This feature distinguishes the developed device from similar ones.
Highlights
China has the largest planting area and highest yield of potatoes in the world, the mechanization level of potato production cannot meet the actual demand [1]
In order to improve the quality of sorting of root tubers and onions by size, it is necessary to ensure the development of an automatic control system to meet operating and technological requirements, the use of which will eliminate manual sorting on bulkhead tables in post-harvest processing
This study is aimed at creating approaches to the interpretation of these dimensional characteristics of potato tubers that are characteristic of high-quality sorting and various types of damage
Summary
China has the largest planting area and highest yield of potatoes in the world, the mechanization level of potato production cannot meet the actual demand [1]. Harvesting is the most crucial step in the entire potato production mechanization process [2], and the most challenging issue during this process is to separate potatoes into fractions [3], as well as separating soil and impurities thoroughly and controlling the damage rate and bruising rate [4]. Regarding the bruising and damage control of the potato harvest, the harvesting efficiency and quality can often be improved by developing new types of potato-soil separation devices [9], regulating the operating parameters of the harvester [10], controlling the proportion of potatoes–soil in the potato-soil mixture and enhancing the seedling killing operation [11]
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