Results of immunoprophylaxis of HIV-infected patients with 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine

Abstract

To assess changes in the composition of the microflora of the upper respiratory tract and indicators of cellular immunity 1 year after the administration of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in adult HIV-infected patients. Were recruited 100 participants of both sexes (50% male and 50% female). All patients underwent microbiological and immunological (determination of the level of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD45RO+ peripheral blood lymphocytes) examinations before vaccine administration and after 12 months. Immunization with PCV13 leads to a statistically significant decrease in the carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 year after vaccination (p=0.012). After 1 year after the administration of PCV13, the patients showed a statistically significant increase in the total number of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in comparison with pre-vaccination levels. A statistically significant increase in the level of CD45RO+ lymphocytes was found 1 year after the administration of PCV13 (p0.0001). S. pneumoniae was found on the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall in 16% of the participants, indicating its high prevalence in HIV-infected patients. Also, representatives of enterobacteria and Candida spp. were found in smears. (22 and 15% of participants, respectively). One year after the vaccine administration, pneumococcus was isolated from 5 participants, which is statistically significantly lower than before immunization (p=0.012). After the introduction of PCV13, there is a statistically significant increase in the total number of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes 1 year after immunization. However, there is no statistically significant increase in the B-lymphocyte population. In addition, PCV13 leads to the formation of immunological memory cells in HIV-infected patients. Thus, immunoprophylaxis with PCV13 in adult HIV-infected patients leads to a decrease in the carriage of S. pneumoniae, and also promotes the stimulation of the T-cell link of the immune system and stimulates the formation of immunological memory cells.