Abstract
Due to the crop monoculture system which has been 60 years continuously played in a key role in the crop sector Mongolia, soil erosion and its fertility decline have been becoming one of the main pressing issues in all crop zones. The main solution of restoration of soil fertility in the steppe zone of Mongolia is not only to reduce bare fallow but also urgently need to apply green manure in all regions. Our study has focused on identifying the appropriate timing to cultivate green manure crops in the Eastern steppe region of Mongolia and to determine the convenient alternatives of crops with a high yield of biomass to use for green manure. 
 We determined the most convenient time to use crop biomass for green manure is between 22-27th.July for the green manure crops cultivated on the 20th of May.
 For the crops cultivated on the 30th of May green manure time can be determined between 2-6th. August and for the crops cultivated on the 10th of June the convenient time would be between 10-13th.August. 
 We prioritized the best option of the crop alternatives based on the 3 years average yield of green mass and concluded that field pea and oat mixture, Sudan grass, and fodder pea mixture can be one of the convenient options for green manure in the steppe zone of Mongolia. According to our study results, convenient alternatives with the highest root mass were yellow clover (27.5-60.5c/ha) and white lupine (27.5-61.4c/ha). 
 In terms of biomass, the convenient alternatives with the highest biomass were the following crops planted on the 20th of May such as mixture of field pea and oat (82.5-112.2c/ha), fodder pea and Sudan grass (67.4-97.0c/ha), as well as Sudan grass (57.1-110.0c/ha. It is considered that in the steppe zone green manure crops can be used for green manure if the biomass of the crops can exceed 40c/ha. [1] The appropriate timing of the planting period should not be later than the 30th of May.
Highlights
Over the last 40 years, soil fertility of arable land of crop sector has declined 2-3 times due to human activity, and currently, 90% of the country's arable land of Agriculture have been affected by soil erosion. [2] Single crop farming of bare fallow and wheat is the main reason for the rapid deterioration of soil fertility and long-term erosion
Within the scope of the research, green manure crops such as Sudan grass, Sudan grass, and fodder pea mixture, yellow clover, and white lupine were placed in alternatives for green manure planted 3 different periods, May 20, May 30, June 10
The suitable time to use crops for green manure cultivated on the 20th of May was between 22-27th of July, and for the crops cultivated on the 30th of May it was between 2-6th of August, and the for crops cultivated on 10th of June, it was between 10-1th of August
Summary
Over the last 40 years, soil fertility of arable land of crop sector has declined 2-3 times due to human activity, and currently, 90% of the country's arable land of Agriculture have been affected by soil erosion. [2] Single crop farming of bare fallow and wheat is the main reason for the rapid deterioration of soil fertility and long-term erosion. The nationwide soil monitoring study was held from 2009 to 2011 and researchers emphasized that over 70% of the country's 579.3 thousand hectares of arable land have less than 2.5% humus [3] This indicates that the soil fertility of arable lands in our country has significantly decreased. The main goal of our research work was to choose the types of green manure crops suitable to grow in the steppe zone of Mongolia, to determine the first and second-year wheat yields after green manure, and to calculate its economic efficiency of all options. We determined changes in post-green manure wheat yield and soil fertility indicators such as soil humus, N, P, K and calculated the economic benefits of green manure crops for the first time in Mongolia. Blanca & R.Lal (2011) in developing countries and least developed countries, soil erosion
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