Abstract
High energy nucleus-nucleus collisions provide the means of creating nuclear matter in conditions of extreme temperature and density [1, 2, 3]. The kinetic energy of the incident projectiles would be dissipated in the large volume of nuclear matter involved in the reaction. At large energy or baryon density, a phase transition is expected from a state of nucleons containing confined quarks and gluons to a state of “deconfined” (from their individual nucleons) quarks and gluons, in chemical and thermal equilibrium, covering a volume that is many units of the confining length scale. This state of nuclear matter was originally given the name Quark Gluon Plasma(QGP) [4], a plasma being an ionized gas. However the results at RHIC [2] indicated that instead of behaving like a gas of free quarks and gluons, the matter created in heavy ion collisions at nucleon-nucleon c.m. energy √ sNN = 200 GeV appears to be more like a liquid. This matter interacts much more strongly than originally expected, as elaborated in peer reviewed articles by the 4 RHIC
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