Results from a mobile drug checking pilot program using three technologies in Chicago, IL, USA

Abstract

BackgroundOpioid overdose deaths in the United States continue to rise, with the majority of deaths involving fentanyl. Drug checking has been used in Europe and Canada to assess adulteration of the illegal drug supply, but faces legal barriers in the United States. We are presenting information from a pilot mobile program offering drug checking services to participants of a harm reduction program in Chicago, Illinois, USA. MethodsDrug checking services were provided at five mobile outreach and one fixed-point drop-in location in Chicago, IL, between March 2019 and August 2020. Three technologies were used: a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrometer, a handheld high-pressure mass spectrometer (HPMS), and immunoassay fentanyl test strips (FTS). We report on results generated by this combination of technology during the study period. ResultsDuring the study period, 422 total samples were tested, the majority of which were sold as dope/heroin (66.7 %). Of the 282 samples sold as dope/heroin, 12.8 % matched to fentanyl on the FTIR, 47.5 % had fentanyl identified on the HPMS, and 57.8 % produced a positive FTS. ConclusionsThis pilot program demonstrated the feasibility of using three technologies to assess for the presence of fentanyl in user-submitted samples, revealed discordant results from the technologies, and provided information on the local drug market.