Abstract
The higher educational system in Japan dates back to the first years of the Meiji Restoration, and it developed rapidly as the Japanese economy began to grow. Nevertheless, before World War II, universities and other institutions of higher education remained institutions that were intended for the education of a relatively small elite. After World War II, the higher educational system was reformed completely, and it grew rapidly in terms of quantity as well as of quality. Today, Japanese universities face serious challenges because of the decreasing number of college-age students in the population; the increasing competition with the globalized world; and the deteriorating fiscal situation of the Japanese government. This chapter summarizes how the higher educational system in Japan has been reformed over the last 20 years and in which direction the reform is now oriented.
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