Abstract
Abstract When probation emerged a century ago it was grafted onto a criminal justice system with well-established prisons. Nevertheless for the first time in British penal history it was possible to impose a Probation Order as an alternative to Victorian punishments. By the 1960s, a time of change for probation (Whitehead and Statham, 2006), the Advisory Council on the Treatment of Offenders published its report on after-care that had a significant impact on the relationship between probation and prisons (Home Office, 1963). By 1967 an expanding probation organisation became the Probation and After-Care Service which began to fill social work posts in remand, detention, and borstal allocation centres, thus drawing probation closer into the custodial orbit.
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