Restrições socioambientais ao uso da terra e seu estado de antropização na UGRH do Paranapanema: subsídios à gestão territorial

Abstract

Territorial planning and management are processes based on the organization of geographic space, which has been consolidated by means of common assumptions and rules that make living in society feasible. Through various legal mechanisms it is possible to determine areas with some kind of socio-environmental restrictions on land use. The present study proposes to spatialize in an integrated way different types of restrictive areas within the Paranapanema Water Resources Management Unit, namely Permanent Preservation Areas, Conservation Units, Priority Areas for Conservation of the Brazilian Biodiversity, Indigenous Lands, Natural-Cultural Heritage, Water Sources and Settlements. From the integration of these layers of information, through the algebra of maps, it was possible to determine up to six different classes of restrictions in the same unit area. The percentage of anthropization (especially areas agricultural activities areas) of each restrictive area mapped from land use data was also evaluated. Areas with up to six different classes of overlapping restrictions were identified, having been observed a high anthropization level throughout the study area, with approximately 80% of the territory by some agricultural use. This percentage was also observed in the category of APP of springs, which are important areas in terms of water resources. The areas with different overlapping and anthropized socio-environmental restrictions should be prioritized in environmental recovery actions, aiming, for example, the improvement of water quality in the Paranapanema UGRH.