Abstract
The clonal origin of 4 Holstein bulls was determined by hybridization experiments with 2 different minisatellite probes, and all 4 animals showed identical genomic DNA fingerprints, hence confirming monozygosity. Extra-chromosomal differences were observed among these 4 Holstein bulls. Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms with restriction endonucleases Avall and Hhal sites were found, and these polymorphisms can be explained by the loss of a single site for each of these 2 enzymes. Since mitochondrial DNA are maternally transmitted, all 4 bulls would produce genetically equivalent spermatozoa and offspring. The combination of embryo cloning and specific cytoplasmic markers would provide an ideal system for the study of maternal cytoplasmic effects on quantitative traits.
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