Restoring Ravaged Heart: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Application of miRNA in Heart Regeneration.

Vandit Shah,Jigna Shah

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.835138

Abstract

Human heart development is a complex and tightly regulated process, conserving proliferation, and multipotency of embryonic cardiovascular progenitors. At terminal stage, progenitor cell type gets suppressed for terminal differentiation and maturation. In the human heart, most cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and so have limited proliferation capacity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA that regulate gene expression and mRNA silencing at the post-transcriptional level. These miRNAs play a crucial role in numerous biological events, including cardiac development, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Several cardiac cells specific miRNAs have been discovered. Inhibition or overexpression of these miRNAs could induce cardiac regeneration, cardiac stem cell proliferation and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clinical application of miRNAs extends to heart failure, wherein the cell cycle arrest of terminally differentiated cardiac cells inhibits the heart regeneration. The regenerative capacity of the myocardium can be enhanced by cardiomyocyte specific miRNAs controlling the cell cycle. In this review, we focus on cardiac-specific miRNAs involved in cardiac regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation, and their potential as a new clinical therapy for heart regeneration.

Highlights

Vandit Shah and Jigna Shah*Reviewed by: Estefania Lozano Velasco, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom Shun Yan, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
An uninterrupted supply of oxygen and nutrients by the heart is vital for the function of every cell, tissue, and organ in our body
This review focuses on molecular regulatory mechanisms governed by miRNAs that induce cardiac regeneration and how these mechanisms can be targeted to potentially achieve adult mammalian heart regeneration

Summary

Vandit Shah and Jigna Shah*

Reviewed by: Estefania Lozano Velasco, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom Shun Yan, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States. Most cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and so have limited proliferation capacity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA that regulate gene expression and mRNA silencing at the post-transcriptional level. These miRNAs play a crucial role in numerous biological events, including cardiac development, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clinical application of miRNAs extends to heart failure, wherein the cell cycle arrest of terminally differentiated cardiac cells inhibits the heart regeneration. The regenerative capacity of the myocardium can be enhanced by cardiomyocyte specific miRNAs controlling the cell cycle. We focus on cardiac-specific miRNAs involved in cardiac regeneration and cardiomyocyte proliferation, and their potential as a new clinical therapy for heart regeneration

INTRODUCTION

Positive Positive Positive

Positively regulates cardiac function and regeneration

Disease condition

Findings

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE