Abstract
Abstract Hamilton Harbour is one of 43 “Areas of Concern” in the Great Lakes for which plans must be developed to restore beneficial uses specified in the 1987 agreement between Canada and the United States regarding Great Lakes Water Quality. Assessment of the remaining barriers to achieving the ecosystemic values or beneficial uses of the Harbour reveals the types of problems encountered in similar situations elsewhere—eutrophication from excessive nutrient inputs (primarily from sewers and sewage treatment plants), a historical legacy of infilling of crucial fish and wildlife habitat and of contaminated sediment (residues of past sewage discharges and steel industrial effluents). Water quality, except for trophic conditions, already meets existing standards as a result of progress in the past 20 years. The major challenge in the proposed program to restore the beneficial uses, apart from the cost of correcting the existing situation, will be how to maintain conditions in the face of population growth and industrial diversification. There are technological limits and heavy costs associated with implementing the technology that is available for the final steps in the restoration program.
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